• br A and tau in Alzheimer s

  2023-01-31

  

  Aβ and tau in Alzheimer's disease The two classical histopathological hallmarks of AD are extracellular insoluble Aβ deposits, known as Aβ plaques, and intracellular accumulations of insoluble microtubule-associated tau protein, known as neurofibrillary tangles [14]. Aβ peptides are produced as a

• To date LOX is the only LOX

  2023-01-31

  

  To date, 12-LOX is the only LOX isoform that has been identified in the platelet [17]. Interestingly, while 12-LOX is highly expressed (∼14000 molecules/platelet) in the platelet, 12(R)-LOX expression is absent in the hematopoietic lineage and has therefore not been reported to be expressed in plate

• br Conclusion br Introduction The identification

  2023-01-31

  

  Conclusion Introduction The identification of Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers and their ability to measure pathology antemortem has led to a fundamental reconsideration of the pathogenesis of AD. The importance of biomarkers was already reflected in revised diagnostic criteria proposed by

• Aldose reductase ALR EC the

  2023-01-31

  

  Aldose reductase (ALR2, EC1.1.1.21), the first enzyme in the polyol pathway, is a monomeric oxidoreductase that catalyses the NADPH-dependent reduction of a wide variety of carbonyl compounds, especially glucose. In this metabolism pathway, glucose is firstly reduced to sorbitol catalyzed by ALR2 wi

• This study revealed that EAAT

  2023-01-31

  

  This study revealed that EAAT2 cdc42 was increased 4–8 weeks after cauterization as our previous work (Park et al., 2009). RGC death could not be blocked despite activation of EAAT2, which is one of glutamate transporters in cone photoreceptors and some bipolar cells, in chronic ocular hypertension

• br Functional consequences of ADK

  2023-01-31

  

  Functional consequences of ADK regulation on astrocyte function As outlined above (see introduction), ADK critically regulates the extracellular adenosine levels in melk pathway (Boison, 2006, Etherington et al., 2009). Changes in the levels of adenosine, as a result of the regulation of ADK expr

• br The embryological and physiological roles of ATX

  2023-01-31

  

  The embryological and physiological roles of ATX ATX is a vital enzyme that is needed for early embryological development. ATX knockout (KO) (ENPP2−/−) embryos die in utero on average at day 9.5 with vascular and neural tube defects [30], [73], [74], [75]. In these mice, malformations in the alla

• AP activation is known to upregulate downstream target genes

  2023-01-31

  

  AP-1 activation is known to upregulate downstream target genes including LY294002 D1, c-myc, Bcl-xl, MMP-9, EGFR, and specific miRNAs that are involved in progression and metastasis of tumors. Moreover, matrix metalloproteinase-2 has been shown as a downstream gene of AP-1, triggered by 15-HETE in t

• Although several different membrane estrogen receptors

  2023-01-31

  

  Although several different membrane estrogen receptors have been reported (Qiu et al., 2008; Revankar et al., 2005), a large percentage of membrane-initiated steroid hormone signaling appears to be performed by a subpopulation of the same receptors that act in the nucleus. Specifically, estrogen rec

• The levels of Mcl and FLIP

  2023-01-30

  

  The levels of Mcl-1 and FLIP are homeostatically controlled by transcriptional and posttranslational processes. Accumulating evidence suggested that intracellular signaling molecules such as Akt are crucial to the transcription of Mcl-1 and FLIP [30], [31]. The constitutive activation of Akt is dete

• Use of RASB is associated with potential concerns about side

  2023-01-30

  

  Use of RASB is associated with potential concerns about side effects such as acute kidney injury or hyperkalemia, and clinicians are reluctant to prescribe RASB in patients with severe renal dysfunction (estimated GFR data show that treatment with RAS blockade was associated with improved survival

• The apocrine sweat glands of the human

  2023-01-30

  

  The apocrine sweat glands of the human axilla produce odor substances with pheromone functions whose nature corresponds to volatile steroids (Cowley and Brooksbank, 1991, Grosser et al., 2000, Sobel et al., 1999, Weller, 1998). These functions only begin with puberty, indicating that sex hormones st

• Our observation that squalestatin caused

  2023-01-30

  

  Our observation that squalestatin caused only small differences in the production of Aβ40 and Aβ42 was in contrast to prior reports of the effects of other cholesterol synthesis inhibitors. This may be due to using squalestatin, a more specific cholesterol synthesis inhibitor that does not affect is

• AHR is essential for IL production by T

  2023-01-30

  

  AHR is essential for IL-22 production by T diltiazem hcl australia and ILC3s [83]. Coexpression of AHR and RORγt by retroviral transduction in a thymoma cell line, EL4, synergistically upregulates IL-22 expression [48]. The cooperativity between AHR and RORγt has also been observed in primary T cel

• It is well known that the

  2023-01-30

  

  It is well known that the thymus plays an important function in the complex pathogenesis and perpetuation of MG. We compared resistin levels between patients with MG with or without thymoma and found that those with thymoma had higher levels than those without thymoma. It has been previously recogni

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